Managing Genetic Diversity and Representation in Banksia marginata (Proteaceae) Seed Production Areas Used for Conservation and Restoration

Landscape degradation is a major threat to global biodiversity that being further exacerbated by climate change. Halting or reversing decline using seed-based restoration requires tons of seed, most which sourced from wild populations. However, in regions where urgent, seed sources are often fragmented, declining and producing with low genetic diversity. Seed production areas (SPAs) can help reduce the burden collecting native remnant vegetation, improve diversity managed crops contribute species conservation. Banksia marginata (Proteaceae) key south-eastern Australia but highly fragmented across much its range. We evaluated diversity, population structure relatedness two B. SPAs populations SPA germplasm was sourced. found high levels within remnants best described three groups trees. suggest likely be important meet future demand practice protocols required assist land managers design manage these resources including analyses guide selection germplasm.